FemaleSponge

Sian Incident

2005-04-05T16:50:00.000-07:00

(Dec. 12–25, 1936), in Chinese history, seizure of the Nationalist generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek by one of his own generals, Chang Hsüeh-liang (q.v.). Chang, commander of the Northeastern (Manchurian) forces at Sian, in Northwest China, opposed Chiang's policy of continuing to fight the Chinese Communists rather than devoting the Nationalists' full effort to fighting the Japanese, who

Adam And Eve

2005-04-05T15:59:00.000-07:00

In the Bible, there are two accounts of their creation. According to the Priestly (P) history of the 5th or 6th century BC (Genesis 1:1–2:4), God on the sixth day of Creation created all the living creatures and, “in his own image,” man both “male and female.” God then blessed the couple, told them

Gene

2005-04-04T05:04:00.000-07:00

Genes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), except in some viruses, which have genes consisting of a closely related compound called ribonucleic acid (RNA). A DNA molecule is composed of two chains of nucleotides

Biblical Literature, The Revised Standard Version

2005-04-03T05:03:00.000-07:00

The American Standard Version had been an expression of sensitivity to the needs of the American public. At the same time, several individual and unofficial translations into modern speech made from 1885 on had gained popularity, their appeal reinforced by the discovery that the Greek of the New Testament used the common nonliterary variety of the language spoken

Faysal

2005-04-02T19:38:00.000-08:00

Faysal was a son of King Ibn Sa'ud and a brother of King Sa'ud. He was appointed foreign minister and viceroy of Hejaz in 1926 after his father conquered that province, in which lies the

Interior Design, Kinds of interiors

2005-04-02T18:28:00.000-08:00

Although the foregoing sections have mentioned different kinds of interiors, in reference to both aesthetic and physical components of design, there has been no specific discussion of different design considerations for varying interiors. The aesthetic criteria suggested in earlier sections are subject to considerable variation, depending on the kind

Performing Arts, Britain.

2005-04-01T20:53:00.000-08:00

Some of the best films of the year

Alvear, Marcelo T(orcuato) De

2005-03-31T16:38:00.000-08:00

Alvear belonged to a distinguished Argentine family. He was educated at the University of Buenos Aires, where he received a doctor of jurisprudence degree. He was a cofounder in 1890 of the Radical Civic Union (UCR), the political party representing

Chassériau, Théodore

2005-03-31T01:44:00.000-08:00

As a boy, Chassériau entered the studio of Ingres, following his master to Rome in 1834. Chassériau's immediate success at the Paris Salon of 1836 was confirmed three

Anselm Of Saint Mary

2005-03-30T18:41:00.000-08:00

Anselm entered the order of the Discalced Hermits of St. Augustine in 1644 and, remaining in their monastery (Couvent des Petits Pères), devoted his entire life to genealogical studies. Among his early works are Le Palais

Grappelli, Stéphane

2005-03-29T21:37:00.000-08:00

French violinist (b. Jan. 26, 1908, Paris, France--d. Dec. 1, 1997, Paris), was one of the few notable jazz improvisers on violin and one of the first popular European jazz musicians; he played with a lilting swing and quick wit that made him an international favourite for over 60 years. With the great Gypsy guitarist Django Reinhardt, he formed (1934) the first Quintette du Hot Club de France, a Paris-based

Shensi, The 19th and 20th centuries

2005-03-29T00:14:00.000-08:00

By the 19th century Shensi was seriously impoverished. Although only marginally affected by the Taiping Rebellion (1850–64) in its last stages, eastern and southern Shensi were slightly disturbed by the Nien Rebellion between 1853 and 1868. It then suffered the terrible Muslim rebellion of 1862 to 1878, which affected much of the western and northern parts of the province. Although the effects

Argonne National Laboratory

2005-03-28T14:51:00.000-08:00

Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy in Argonne, Ill., that is operated by the University of Chicago and the Argonne Universities Association. It was founded in 1946 to conduct basic atomic research and to develop the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Argonne National Laboratory now carries out research on a broad range of science and engineering topics, including

Yang Hsiu-ch'ing

2005-03-27T16:03:00.000-08:00

A dealer in firewood, Yang joined the Taiping band shortly before the rebellion broke out and quickly rose to a high position. In 1851, when the supreme Taiping leader, Hung Hsiu-ch'üan (1814–64), proclaimed his own dynasty and gave

Piedmont

2005-03-27T09:48:00.000-08:00

Geographic region in the eastern United States, running some 600 miles (950 km) between New Jersey (north) and Alabama (south) and lying between the Appalachian Mountains (west) and the Atlantic Coastal Plain (east). It comprises a relatively low rolling plateau (from 300 to 1,800 feet [90 to 550 m]) cut by many rivers and is a fertile agricultural region. Cotton is the most important crop in the southern

Circassian

2005-03-26T10:46:00.000-08:00

From ancient times Circassia, comprising roughly the northwestern region of the Caucasus, acquired the exotic reputation common to lands occupying a crucial area between rival empires. The early history of the Circassian peoples is fairly obscure. Though no Greek

Macaw

2005-03-26T02:45:00.000-08:00

Common name of about 18 species of large colourful parrots native to tropical America. These brightly coloured, long-tailed birds are some of the most spectacular parrots in the world. The sexes look alike, which is uncommon among vividly coloured birds. The cobalt-blue hyacinthine macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) of Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay is the

Accius, Lucius

2005-03-25T18:34:00.000-08:00

Accius also spelled Attius one of the greatest of the Roman tragic poets, in the view of his contemporaries. His plays (more than 40 titles are known, and about 700 lines survive) were mostly free translations from Greek tragedy, many from Euripides, with violent plots, flamboyant characterizations, and forceful rhetoric. His tragedies were performed until the end of the republic

Nakhon Phanom

2005-03-24T06:30:00.000-08:00

Town, northeastern Thailand. Nakhon Phanom is a commercial centre lying along the Mekong River opposite Thakhek, Laos; it is linked by road to Udon Thani (west), Ubon Ratchathani (south), and Laos and has an airport with scheduled domestic flights. An infertile sandy loam that retains little moisture makes agriculture difficult in much of the surrounding area. There

Sangrur

2005-03-23T18:29:00.000-08:00

City, in southeastern Punjab state, northwestern India. The city was founded in the 17th century and became the capital of the former independent state of Jind. In 1948 it became part of India. Sangrur is an agricultural market with some light industry, including handloom weaving and handicrafts. There are good road and rail connections with the rest of Punjab and with neighbouring

English Literature, The later Romantics: Shelley, Keats, and Byron

2005-03-23T01:30:00.000-08:00

The poets of the next generation shared their predecessors' passion for liberty (now set in a new perspective by the Napoleonic wars) and were in a position to learn from their experiments. Percy Bysshe Shelley in particular was deeply interested in politics, coming early under the spell of the anarchistic views of William Godwin, whose Enquiry Concerning Political

Argentina, The Pampas

2005-03-22T15:41:00.000-08:00

Pampa is a Quechua Indian term meaning “flat surface.” As such it is widely used in southeastern South America from Uruguay, where grass-covered plains commence south of the Brazilian Highlands, to Argentina. In Argentina the Pampas broaden out west of the Río de la Plata to meet the Andean forelands, blending imperceptibly to the north with the Chaco Austral and southern

N-town Plays

2005-03-22T13:36:00.000-08:00

An English cycle of 42 scriptural (or “mystery”) plays dating from the second half of the 15th century and so called because an opening proclamation refers to performance “in N. town.” Since evidence suggests that the cycle was not peculiar to one city or community but traveled from town to town, the abbreviation “N.” would indicate that the appropriate name of the town at which

Tabernacle

2005-03-21T04:50:00.000-08:00

Israel's earliest sanctuary was a simple tent within which, it was believed,

China, Finance

2005-03-20T14:51:00.000-08:00

China's financial institutions are owned by the state. The principal instruments of fiscal and financial control are the People's Bank of China and the Ministry of Finance, both subject to the authority of the State Council. The People's Bank, which replaced the Central Bank of China in 1950 and gradually took over private banks, fulfills many of the functions of Western

Alembert, Jean Le Rond D'

2005-03-20T13:43:00.000-08:00

Meanwhile, d'Alembert began an active social life and frequented well-known salons, where he acquired a considerable reputation as a witty conversationalist and mimic. Like his fellow Philosophes—those thinkers, writers, and scientists who believed in the sovereignty of reason and nature (as opposed to authority and revelation) and rebelled against old dogmas

Cambay, Gulf Of

2005-03-19T22:15:00.000-08:00

Also called Gulf of Khambhat trumpet-shaped gulf of the Arabian Sea, indenting northward the coast of Gujarat state, western India, between Bombay and the Kathiawar Peninsula. It is 120 miles (190 km) wide at its mouth between Diu and Daman, but it rapidly narrows to 15 miles (24 km). The gulf receives many rivers, including the Sabarmati, Mahi, Narmada (Narbada), and Tapti. Its shape and its orientation in relation to the southwest

Orapa

2005-03-19T10:03:00.000-08:00

Mining town, east-central Botswana. It is located about 240 miles (385 km) north of Gaborone, the national capital. Situated on the eastern edge of the Kalahari (desert), the town was built to accommodate mine workers after the discovery in 1967 of a large diamond field, or pipe (a roughly cylindrical diamond-bearing geological formation), with a surface area of 277 acres (112 hectares); it is one

White Plains

2005-03-18T20:59:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1778) of Westchester county, New York, U.S. It lies along the Bronx and Hutchinson rivers. Known to the Wappinger Indians as Quarropas (“White Marshes”), probably for the area's heavy fogs, the site was sold twice (in 1660 and in 1683) by them to different groups, causing long litigation over the title and delays in the settlement of the area. An established community by 1735 within the town

Soka-gakkai

2005-03-18T06:42:00.000-08:00

(Japanese: “Value-Creation Society”), a lay religious group associated with the Japanese Buddhist sect Nichiren-sho-shu. Soka-gakkai has had rapid growth since the 1950s and is the most successful of the new religious movements that have sprung up in the 20th century in Japan; but in following the teachings of the Buddhist saint Nichiren, it belongs to a tradition dating from the

East Detroit

2005-03-17T13:10:00.000-08:00

City, Macomb county, Michigan, U.S., 10 miles (16 km) north-northeast of Detroit. It is primarily a residential suburb of Detroit but does have such commerce as truck and poultry farming, as well as light manufacturing. First settled in 1837, it was on the military road (now Gratiot Avenue) connecting Fort Wayne (Detroit) with Fort Gratiot (Port Huron). Equidistant between Detroit and Mount

Murchison River

2005-03-16T19:55:00.000-08:00

Ephemeral river in Western Australia, rising north of Meekatharra on Peak Hill in the Robinson Ranges and fed by its tributaries, the Sandford and Roderick. It flows sporadically (chiefly in winter) west, south, and again west to enter the Indian Ocean at Kalbarri, north of Geraldton, after a course of 440 miles (710 km). The explorer George Grey reached the river in 1839 on a forced march

Cospicua

2005-03-16T09:30:00.000-08:00

Town, eastern Malta, one of the Three Cities (the others being Senglea and Vittoriosa), at the head of Dockyard Creek, just south of Valletta across Grand Harbour. It developed as a suburb of Vittoriosa in the mid-16th century and was a thriving settlement (known as Bormla) before it was severely damaged by the Turks in the Great Siege of Malta in 1565. It was rebuilt and refortified

D.c.v.o.

2005-03-15T17:13:00.000-08:00

Dame commander of the Royal Victorian Order, member of the second highest rank of a British order of knighthood. See Royal Victorian Order.

Romanus

2005-03-15T10:51:00.000-08:00

Romanus was a cardinal when elected pope in August amidst the chaotic aftermath of Pope Stephen VI's murder. For exhuming and desecrating Pope Formosus' corpse and annulling his pontificate in the “Cadaver Synod,” Stephen had been imprisoned and probably strangled by Formosus' supporters,

Star Cluster, OB and T associations

2005-03-14T19:38:00.000-08:00

The chief distinguishing feature of the members of a stellar association is that the large majority of constituent stars have similar physical characteristics. An OB association consists of many hot, blue giant stars, spectral classes O and B, and a relatively small number of other objects. A T association consists of cooler dwarf stars, many of which exhibit irregular

Raín, Alois

2005-03-14T15:23:00.000-08:00

A leader of the Czech revolutionary organization Omladina, Rašín was arrested and imprisoned for conspiring against the Austrian authorities after nationalistic rioting

Mirambo

2005-03-14T09:21:00.000-08:00

Nyamwezi warlord of central Africa whose ability to unite the many hitherto separate Nyamwezi clans into a powerful kingdom by the 1870s gave him strategic control of Arab trade routes and threatened the preeminence of the Arabs' colony in Unyanyembe (near present Tabora, Tanzania). His capital, Urambo (now in Tanzania), became a major rival trading

Tigereye

2005-03-14T06:31:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Tiger's-eye, semiprecious quartz gem displaying chatoyancy, a vertical luminescent band like that of a cat's eye. Veins of parallel, blue asbestos (crocidolite) fibres are first altered to iron oxides and then replaced by silica. The gem has a rich yellow to yellow-brown or brown colour and, when polished, a fine golden lustre. The best stones come from Griqualand West, S.Af. Hawk's-eye

Vigo, Jean

2005-03-12T05:14:00.000-08:00

French film director whose blending of lyricism with realism and Surrealism, the whole underlined with a cynical, anarchic approach to life, distinguished him as an original talent. Although he completed only three feature films and one short, Taris (1931), before his early death, his films produced great public reaction. A Jean Vigo Prize is

Benacerraf, Baruj

2005-03-12T02:18:00.000-08:00

From the age of five until the outbreak of World War II, Benacerraf

Chandelier

2005-03-11T05:43:00.000-08:00

Brass chandeliers were made in the

Palaung

2005-03-11T00:15:00.000-08:00

Also called Ta-ang, hill people of the Shan region and adjacent areas of eastern Myanmar (Burma), as well as southwestern Yunnan province of China. They numbered about 240,000 in the late 20th century and speak dialects of the Palaungic branch of Austro-Asiatic languages. The Palaung's language is quite distinct from the Tai speech of the Shan (see Tai), with whom they live closely intermingled. Their

Pigweed

2005-03-10T18:25:00.000-08:00

Any of several coarse annual plants of cosmopolitan distribution that are often troublesome weeds. Several of them belong to the genus Amaranthus, of the family Amaranthaceae. Prostrate pigweed, or mat amaranth (A. graecizans), grows along the ground surface with stems rising at the tips; spiny pigweed, or spiny amaranth (A. spinosus), has spines at the base of the leafstalks;

Buzzard

2005-03-10T07:21:00.000-08:00

Any of several birds of prey of the genus Buteo and, in North America, various New World vultures (family Cathartidae), especially the turkey vulture (Cathartes aura; see photograph). Similarly, in Australia a large hawk of the genus Hamirostra is called a black-breasted buzzard. In North America, Buteo species are called buteos, buzzard hawks, or simply

Braconid

2005-03-10T02:18:00.000-08:00

Many species are valuable in the control

Dysprosium

2005-03-09T03:39:00.000-08:00

(Dy), chemical element, rare-earth metal of transition Group IIIb of the periodic table. A relatively hard and very reactive metal, it is oxidized by air and by water. Its high melting point and ability to absorb neutrons make it useful in control rods for nuclear reactors. Its compounds have been used for making laser materials, as components in some electronic equipment,

Yi Chong

2005-03-08T20:56:00.000-08:00

The great-great-grandson of King Sejong (1397–1450), Yi is said to have personified the ideal Korean aristocrat. He is as famous for his regal and generous disposition and his scholarly tastes as he is for his painting, and he is also well known as a poet and calligrapher.

Bío-bío

2005-03-08T14:48:00.000-08:00

Región, central Chile, bordering Argentina to the east and fronting the Pacific Ocean to the west. It was given its present boundaries in 1974. Its area of 14,262 square miles (36,939 square km) includes the provincias of Ñuble, Concepción, Arauco, and Bío-Bío. The islands of Santa María, in the Bay of Arauco, and Mocha, 14 miles (23 km) offshore, are part of Arauco provincia. Bío-Bío región spans the coastal

Biblical Literature, Roman occupation and Jewish revolts

2005-03-08T04:07:00.000-08:00

In AD 66–70 there was a Jewish revolt while Nero was emperor of Rome (54–68). When he died and was succeeded by Vespasian, his former army commander (69–79), the siege and final destruction of Jerusalem occurred (AD 70). Before this event, Jewish Christians had fled, perhaps to Pella, and Yohanan ben Zakkai, a leading Jewish rabbi, with a group of rabbinical scholars, fled to Yavneh, where they established

Liliencron, Detlev, Baron (freiherr) Von

2005-03-07T21:01:00.000-08:00

The son of an impoverished family of baronial descent, Liliencron entered the Prussian army in 1863. He served as a regular officer during the Seven Weeks' War (1866) and the Franco-German War (1870–71). He later used experiences from these campaigns in his poems and

Fisher, Morris

2005-03-07T05:43:00.000-08:00

At the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp, Fisher, apparently feeling the pressure of the competition in the three-position free rifle event, took 20 minutes before firing his first shot at the target, which was placed 300 m away. Although he missed the mark, he was close enough to score points.

Abell, Kjeld

2005-03-06T20:19:00.000-08:00

Abell studied political science but afterward began a career as a stage designer in Paris. He

Lockheed Martin Corporation

2005-03-05T02:37:00.000-08:00

Lockheed Corporation dates to 1912 when Allan Loughead, his brother Malcolm, and Max Mamlock, who at the time was head of Alco Cab Company, founded Alco Hydro-Aeroplane Company to build the Loughead brothers' floatplane design, the Model G. After a year the company became dormant, but in 1915 the Loughead brothers bought out the interests of other investors to acquire control

Likud

2005-03-05T00:45:00.000-08:00

In full Likud-Liberalim Leumi , Hebrew Unity-National Liberals right-wing Israeli political party. It was founded in September 1973 to challenge the Israel Labour Party, which had governed the country since its independence in 1948, and first came to power in 1977, with Menachem Begin as prime minister. Thereafter, Likud alternated in government with the Labour Party, forming coalitions with minor parties, especially those with an ultrareligious

Boece, Hector

2005-03-04T09:43:00.000-08:00

Boece was educated at Dundee and the University of Paris, where he was appointed regent (professor) of philosophy and became a friend of Desiderius Erasmus. He was chief adviser to William Elphinstone, bishop of Aberdeen, in the foundation of the University of Aberdeen and

Togo, Settlement patterns

2005-03-04T09:15:00.000-08:00

The majority of Togo's population live in small villages scattered throughout the rural areas. A common sight along the coast is the rectangular houses built either of clay and timber or of coconut or palm branches and topped by double-eaved thatched roofs. Scattered throughout the coconut plantations, they are not far from the beaches. Inland in the south, thatched

Carleton, Mount

2005-03-03T11:48:00.000-08:00

Highest point (2,680 feet [817 m]) in the Maritime Provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island) of Canada, 70 miles (110 km) east of Edmundston, N.B., near Nictau and Nepisiguit lakes. Structurally it is a monadnock, or erosional remnant, rising above the 1,000-foot (305-metre) level of the surrounding highlands, which are an extension of the Appalachian region. The mountain, focus of a

Aerospace Industry, Use of computers

2005-03-03T09:49:00.000-08:00

The computer has also fundamentally changed the development process by permitting digital modeling and simulation as well as computer-aided design in conjunction with computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM; see computer-aided engineering). In the early design stage of a flight vehicle, digital computer modeling of prospective designs enables rapid examination

Colburn, Irving Wightman

2005-03-02T19:43:00.000-08:00

American inventor and manufacturer whose process for fabricating continuous sheets of flat glass formed the basis of the Libbey-Owens Sheet Glass Company. After an unsuccessful manufacturing venture, Colburn sold his patents to financial interests in Toledo, Ohio, in 1912. He continued to work under their auspices, finally perfecting his

Balanchine, George

2005-03-02T03:14:00.000-08:00

Original name Georgy Melitonovich Balanchivadze most influential choreographer of classical ballet in the United States in the 20th century. His works, characterized by a cool neoclassicism, include The Nutcracker (1954) and Don Quixote (1965), both pieces choreographed for the New York City Ballet, of which he was a founder (1948), the artistic director, and the

Fa-hsiang

2005-03-01T10:51:00.000-08:00

School of Chinese Buddhism derived from the Indian Yogacara school. See Yogacara.

Ob River, Plant and animal life

2005-03-01T04:43:00.000-08:00

Rich meadows extend in bands 1 to 2 miles (2 to 3 km) wide for great distances along the banks of the Ob and cover many of the numerous islands. Pine, cedar, silver fir, aspen, and birch also grow on the banks and occasionally constitute isolated forests on the higher ground of the floodplain. Large areas near the river are covered with willow, snowball trees (Viburnum), bird cherry

Holbach, Paul-henri Dietrich, Baron D'

2005-03-01T04:14:00.000-08:00

French encyclopaedist and philosopher, a celebrated exponent of atheism and Materialism, whose inherited wealth allowed him to entertain many of the noted philosophers of the day, some of whom (Comte de Buffon, J.-J. Rousseau, d'Alembert) reportedly withdrew from his gatherings, frightened by the audacity

Swedish Academy

2005-02-28T20:34:00.000-08:00

The academy was founded by King Gustav III on April 5, 1786, in Stockholm. The goal of the organization was defined as working for the “purity, vigour and majesty” of the Swedish language.

France, History Of, The political history of France (c. 8501180)

2005-02-28T16:21:00.000-08:00

The fragmentation of political power meant that the kings of France were forced into rivalries, alliances, and conflicts with the princes, who were for many generations the real rulers of France.

Croix

2005-02-28T00:54:00.000-08:00

Town, southwestern suburb of Roubaix, Nord département, Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, northern France, on the Roubaix Canal and Marque River. The lordship and village of Croix existed before the 12th century and was mentioned in early archives. The Château de la Fontaine (17th century) was a fief of the lordship, which became a countship in 1617. Croix remained a small village until

Yevreyskaya

2005-02-27T18:39:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Evreiskaia , also called Birobidzhan autonomous oblast (province) in Khabarovsk kray (region), far eastern Russia, occupying an area of 13,900 sq mi (36,000 sq km) in the basin of the middle Amur River. Most of the oblast consists of level plain, with extensive swamps, patches of swampy forest, and grassland on fertile soils, now largely plowed up. In the north and northwest are the hills of the Bureya Range and the Lesser Khingan,

Beverley

2005-02-26T18:28:00.000-08:00

Town, unitary authority of East Riding of Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, England, just north of Kingston upon Hull. The town of Beverley grew in close association with a monastery established in the 7th century. Destroyed by the Danes in 806, the monastery was refounded by the Anglo-Saxon king Athelstan (reigned 925–939). The great Beverley Minster that dominates the town

Baba-yaga

2005-02-25T21:11:00.000-08:00

Also called Baba-jaga, in Russian folklore, an ogress who steals, cooks, and eats her victims, usually children. A guardian of the fountains of the water of life, she lives with two or three sisters (all known as Baba-Yaga) in a forest hut which spins continually on birds' legs; her fence is topped with human skulls. Baba-Yaga can ride through the air—in an iron kettle or in a mortar that she drives with

Europe, James Reese

2005-02-25T16:57:00.000-08:00

Europe studied piano and violin in his youth and about 1904 settled in New York City, where he directed musical comedies and, in 1910, he helped organize the Clef Club, a union of African-American musicians. The 125-member Clef Club orchestra that he conducted

Gaudier-brzeska, Henri

2005-02-24T17:58:00.000-08:00

Gaudier-Brzeska initially studied business before taking up sculpture in 1910. His early work was informed

Peter, Gospel Of

2005-02-24T03:15:00.000-08:00

Pseudepigraphal (noncanonical and unauthentic) Christian writing of the mid-2nd century AD, the extant portion of which covers the condemnation, Crucifixion, and Resurrection of Jesus. Because the work reflects the view that Christ's body had only the appearance of reality, Serapion, bishop of Antioch c. AD 190, believed it was written by a member of the heretical Docetist sect.

Matthau, Walter

2005-02-23T23:01:00.000-08:00

Born into a family of Jewish-Russian immigrants, he was compelled to work at a very early age. By the time he was 11, he was employed at the concession stand in a Lower East Side Yiddish theatre. To pick up extra money, he began playing bit

Buir Lake

2005-02-23T22:43:00.000-08:00

Wade–Giles romanization Pei-erh Hu, Mongol Pinyin Buir Nur, lake on the border of the Mongolian People's Republic and China. It has an area of 235 square miles (609 square km). It receives the Ha-lo-hsin River from the southeast, and its outlet, the Orchun River, flows into Hu-lun Lake to the north.

Race, Milieu, And Moment

2005-02-23T05:51:00.000-08:00

By “race” he meant the inherited disposition or temperament that persists stubbornly over

Biblical Literature, Ezekiel

2005-02-22T23:13:00.000-08:00

The Book of Ezekiel, written by the prophetpriest Ezekiel, who lived both in Jerusalem prior to the Babylonian Exile (586 BCE) and in Babylon after the Exile, and also by an editor (or editors), who belongs to a “school” of the prophet similar to that of the prophet Isaiah, has captured the attention of readers for centuries because of its vivid imagery and symbolism. The book has also

Dan Patch

2005-02-22T14:37:00.000-08:00

(foaled 1896), American harness racehorse (Standardbred), a nearly legendary horse in his time, who established in 1905 a world pacing record of 1:55 1/4 that endured for 33 years. (In 1906 he paced a mile in 1:55 flat—Billy Direct's record-breaking time in 1938—but this feat was not officially recognized.) He paced a mile in 2 minutes or less on 30 occasions, a world record that was not surpassed until the 1960s (by Bret

Race, Milieu, And Moment

2005-02-21T17:55:00.000-08:00

Byname European Liberal Democrats , formerly (1976–86) Federation of Liberal and Democratic Parties in the European Community , (1986–93) Federation of Liberal Democrat and Reform Parties transnational parliamentary group representing the interests of allied liberal and centrist parties in the European Parliament of the European Union (EU). The ELDR was formed in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1976 and coordinates the interests of its member parties. It is now composed of some 40 parties from EU countries, countries that have applied for EU membership, and other

Möser, Justus

2005-02-21T04:40:00.000-08:00

Trained in jurisprudence at the universities of Jena and Göttingen, Möser was named state's attorney at Osnabrück (1747), a prince-bishopric, and from 1764 he was very influential

Wickford

2005-02-20T18:29:00.000-08:00

Resort village and administrative centre of North Kingstown town (township), Washington county, south-central Rhode Island, U.S., on an inlet of Narragansett Bay. It has an unusually large number of restored colonial and 19th-century buildings, an art colony, and one of the largest marinas in Rhode Island.

Beijing, Museums and libraries

2005-02-20T14:54:00.000-08:00

The Palace Museum, housed in the main buildings of the former Imperial Palaces, contains the city's greatest collection of art treasures. Many of the halls are kept as they were in dynastic times, each constituting a museum in itself, and others are used to display some of the priceless treasures from China's past. Of special interest are its porcelains and enamels, works

Augustus, Caesar

2005-02-19T20:47:00.000-08:00

Remembering, however, that Caesar had been assassinated because of his resort to naked power, Octavian realized that the governing class would welcome him as the terminator of civil war only if he concealed his autocracy beneath provisions avowedly harking back to republican traditions. From 31 until 23 BC the constitutional basis of his power remained a continuous

Peru, Pre-Hispanic patterns

2005-02-18T08:15:00.000-08:00

Diverse groups of indigenous Indians occupied Peru during the pre-Hispanic period. When the first migrants arrived in the Andean area, probably more than 13,000 years ago, they were at a hunting and gathering stage of cultural development. Over a long period of time, however, varied and more sophisticated ways of life were developed. Along the coast, groups became specialized

Taree

2005-02-18T07:11:00.000-08:00

City, northeastern New South Wales, Australia, 10 miles (16 km) above the coastal mouth of the Manning River. Established in 1854 as a private town, it was proclaimed a municipality in 1885 and a city in 1981; it derives its name from the Aboriginal tareehin, or tarrebit, referring to a local wild fig. Situated on the Sydney-Brisbane rail line and the Pacific Highway, 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Newcastle,

Karun River

2005-02-17T10:55:00.000-08:00

Persian Rud-e Karun , ancient Ulai , or Eulaeus river in southwestern Iran, a tributary of the Shatt al-Arab, which it joins at Khorramshahr. It rises in the Bakhtiari Mountains west of Esfahan and follows a tortuous course trending basically southwest. The Karun's total length is 515 miles (829 km), though the direct distance from its source to the junction with the Shatt al-Arab is only 180 miles (290 km). Its catchment basin up to Ahvaz has an

Young, Frederick Archibald ("freddie")

2005-02-17T09:10:00.000-08:00

British cinematographer whose visual flair and artistry added immeasurably to British films for more than 70 years, beginning with his work as an assistant cameraman on the 1922 silent Rob Roy. He was particularly known for the stunning beauty he brought to a series of films by director David Lean, three of which--Lawrence of Arabia (1962), Dr. Zhivago (1965), and Ryan's Daughter (1970)--earned

Vodou

2005-02-17T08:52:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Voodoo, Voudou, Vodun , or French Vaudou an official religion of Haiti (together with Roman Catholicism). Vodou is a creolized religion forged by descendents of Dahomean, Kongo, Yoruba, and other African ethnic groups who had been enslaved and brought to colonial Saint-Domingue (as Haiti was known then) and Christianized by Roman Catholic missionaries in the 16th and 17th centuries. The word Vodou means “spirit

Peter The Great Bay

2005-02-16T22:44:00.000-08:00

Russian Zaliv Petra Velikogo, inlet, Sea of Japan, northwestern Pacific Ocean, in the Maritime (Primorye) region of far eastern Russia. The bay extends for 115 miles (185 km) from the mouth of the Tumen River (on the Russian-Chinese border) northeast across to Cape Povorotny. The bay reaches inland for 55 miles (88 km) and contains the port of Vladivostok, which is situated on the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula between

Asyndeton

2005-02-16T01:02:00.000-08:00

The omission of the conjunctions that ordinarily join coordinate words or clauses, as in the phrase “I came, I saw, I conquered” or in Matthew Arnold's poem The Scholar Gipsy:Thou hast not lived, why should'st thou perish, so?Thou hadst one aim, one business, one desire; Else wert thou long since numbered with the dead!

Fw 190

2005-02-15T01:18:00.000-08:00

Abbreviation of Focke-wulf 190 fighter aircraft of Nazi Germany, second in importance only to the Bf 109 (or Me 109) in that nation's air force during World War II. The Fw 190 was a single-seat fighter that first flew in 1938. After some early technical problems, it went into service in 1941 and was superior to all its opponents until 1942–43; it remained a successful fighter and fighter-bomber until the end of World War II. About 20,000 Fw 190s

Argentina, The Northwest

2005-02-14T23:07:00.000-08:00

This part of the Andes region includes the northern half of the main mountain mass in Argentina and the transitional terrain, or piedmont, merging with the eastern lowlands. The region's southern border is the upper Colorado River. Within the region, the Andean system of north-south-trending mountain ranges varies in elevation from 16,000 to 22,000 feet (4,900 to 6,700 metres) and is interrupted

Naga

2005-02-14T17:41:00.000-08:00

Group of tribes inhabiting the Naga Hills of Nagaland (q.v.) state in northeastern India. They include more than 20 tribes of mixed origin, varying cultures, and very different physiques and appearances. The numerous Naga languages (sometimes classified as dialects) belong to the Tibeto-Burman group of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Almost every village has its own dialect;

Henderson, Sir Nevile Meyrick

2005-02-14T16:48:00.000-08:00

Henderson joined the diplomatic service in 1905, serving as minister

Jewel Cave National Monument

2005-02-13T14:49:00.000-08:00

The caverns consist of a series of chambers joined by narrow passages. They are noted for their jewel-like calcite crystals, including nailhead and dogtooth spar, which are found throughout the

Cynoscephalae

2005-02-13T09:35:00.000-08:00

(Greek: “Dogs' Heads”), ancient range of hills in Thessaly, Greece, 7 miles (11 km) west of modern Vólos. It was the site of the victory (197 BC) that ended the Second Macedonian War when the Romans under Titus Quinctius Flamininus defeated Philip V of Macedon. The combat engaged about 26,000 men on each side. The outcome hung in the balance, each side prevailing on its own right wing, until a detachment

Rayleigh Scattering

2005-02-11T19:18:00.000-08:00

The angle through which sunlight in the atmosphere is scattered by molecules of the constituent gases varies inversely as

Schach, Rabbi Eliezer Menachem

2005-02-11T19:13:00.000-08:00

Lithuanian-born Israeli Orthodox Jewish scholar and political leader (b. 1896?, Wabolnick [now Vabalninkas], Lithuania, Russian Empire—d. Nov. 2, 2001, Tel Aviv, Israel), as the spiritual leader of Israel's non-Zionist ultra-Orthodox political parties—Agudat Yisrael, Shas, and Degel Hatorah—wielded great influence on Israeli government policies. In 1940 Schach emigrated from Lithuania

Great Escarpment

2005-02-11T18:35:00.000-08:00

Plateau edge of southern Africa that separates the region's highland interior plateau from the fairly narrow coastal strip. It lies predominantly within the Republic of South Africa and Lesotho but extends northeastward into eastern Zimbabwe (where it separates much of that country from Mozambique) and northwestward into Namibia and Angola (where it separates

Saar, Betye

2005-02-11T03:59:00.000-08:00

Saar studied design at the University of California at Los Angeles (B.A., 1949) and education and printmaking at California State University at Long Beach. In the early 1960s she created etchings

FemaleSponge

Sian Incident

Adam And Eve

Gene

Biblical Literature, The Revised Standard Version

Faysal

Interior Design, Kinds of interiors

Performing Arts, Britain.

Alvear, Marcelo T(orcuato) De

Chassériau, Théodore

Anselm Of Saint Mary

Grappelli, Stéphane

Shensi, The 19th and 20th centuries

Argonne National Laboratory

Yang Hsiu-ch'ing

Piedmont

Circassian

Macaw

Accius, Lucius

Nakhon Phanom

Sangrur

English Literature, The later Romantics: Shelley, Keats, and Byron

Argentina, The Pampas

N-town Plays

Tabernacle

China, Finance

Alembert, Jean Le Rond D'

Cambay, Gulf Of

Orapa

White Plains

Soka-gakkai

East Detroit

Murchison River

Cospicua

D.c.v.o.

Romanus

Star Cluster, OB and T associations

Raín, Alois

Mirambo

Tigereye

Vigo, Jean

Benacerraf, Baruj

Chandelier

Palaung

Pigweed

Buzzard

Braconid

Dysprosium

Yi Chong

Bío-bío

Biblical Literature, Roman occupation and Jewish revolts

Liliencron, Detlev, Baron (freiherr) Von

Fisher, Morris

Abell, Kjeld

Lockheed Martin Corporation

Likud

Boece, Hector

Togo, Settlement patterns

Carleton, Mount

Aerospace Industry, Use of computers

Colburn, Irving Wightman

Balanchine, George

Fa-hsiang

Ob River, Plant and animal life

Holbach, Paul-henri Dietrich, Baron D'

Swedish Academy

France, History Of, The political history of France (c. 8501180)

Croix

Yevreyskaya

Beverley

Baba-yaga

Europe, James Reese

Gaudier-brzeska, Henri

Peter, Gospel Of

Matthau, Walter

Buir Lake

Race, Milieu, And Moment

Biblical Literature, Ezekiel

Dan Patch

Race, Milieu, And Moment

Raín, Alois

France, History Of, The political history of France (c. 8501180)